TITLE: INFORMATION PROCESSING P.872 AUTHOR: QUENCY DATE: 10/20/2013 06:01:18 PM CATEGORY: 人因工程設計 STATUS: publish ---- BODY:
INFORMATION PROCESSING P.872
Amount of Information for Various Stimulus Dimensions
AMOUNT OF INFORMATION IN ABSOLUTE JUDGMENT FOR VARIOUS STIMULUS DIMENSIONS
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Number of Levels
Which Can Be Bits of Informa-
Stimulus Dimension Discriminated tion Transmitted*
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Audition (single dimension)
Pure tones 5 2.3
Loudness 5 2.3
Audition (combination of six
variables including frequency
and intensity, on-time fraction,
duration, spatial location, and
rate/interruption 150 7.2
Vision (single dimension), e.g.,
pointer and linear scale 9 3.1
Visual size 7 2.8
Hue 9 3.1
Brightness 5 2.3
Vision (combinations):
Size, brightness, and hue 17 4.1
Hue and saturation 15 3.9
Position of dot in square 24 4.6
Odor (single dimension) 4 2.0
Odor (combination, e.g., kind,
intensity, and number) 16 4.0
Taste:
Saltiness 4 1.9
Sweetness 3 1.7
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*Lack of correspondence of bit values is due to rounding to the nearest whole number.
“Although we cannot neatly separate different sequential phases of information processing (i.e., sensation, perception, decision, response, etc.), it should be noted that the bottleneck probably is the brain rather than the sensory mechanisms."[58] It has been estimated that information reduction from reception through intermediate processes to permanent storage is as shown in the accompanying table.
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Maximum Flow of Information,
Process b/s
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Sensory reception 1,000,000,000
Nerve connections 3,000,000
Consciousness 16
Permanent storage 0.7
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[58] E. J. McCormick, Human Factors Engineering, 3d ed., McGraw-Hili Book Company, New York, 1970, p. 92.
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